The following are a list of the different ways you can format your in-text citation:
Author’s name in text (no page number):
Cassell and Jenkins (2000) compared reaction times. . .
Author’s name in reference (no page number):
In a recent study of reaction times (Cassell & Jenkins, 2000). . .
Author’s name in text (page number):
According to Cuno (2008), “For years, archaeologists have lobbied for national and international laws, treaties, and conventions to prohibit the international movement of antiquities” (p. 1).
Author’s name in reference (page number):
The argument runs that, “The term 'Czechoslovak' had become a rich source of contention almost immediately after the state's formation” (Innes, 2001, p. 16).
No known author:
A similar study was done of students learning to format a research paper ("Using APA." 2001).
No known author or date:
In another study of students and research decision, it was discovered that students succeeded with tutoring ("Tutoring and APA," n.d).
| Website (7th Edition) |
Format: Author, A. A. (Year, Month Day). Title of work. Website name. URL Example: Bailey, R. (n.d.). Achieving the health-related MDGs. It takes a workforce! World Health Organization. http://www.who.int/hrh/workforce_mdgs/en/ In-Text Citation: (Bailey, n.d.) |
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Personal Communications (7th Edition) |
NOTE: Cite personal communications only in-text. Personal communications do not need to be referenced in the bibliography. Two Format Options: A. A. Author (personal communication, Month Day, Year) (A. A. Author, personal communication, Month Day, Year) Example: J. D. Smith claimed to have no knowledge of such incident (personal communication, November 27, 2015). The most important lesson of life is to surround yourself with positive and supportive people (M. T. Jones, personal communication, April 6, 2012). |
| Blog Post (7th Edition) |
Format: Author, A. A. (Year, Month Day). Title of blog post. Name of blog website. URL Example: McKenney, S. (2020, January 10). New York style crumb cake. Sally's Baking Addiction. https://sallysbakingaddiction.com/crumb-cake/ In-Text Citation: (McKenney, 2020) |
| YouTube Video (7th Edition) |
Format: Author, A. A. OR Username. (Year, Month Day). Title of video [Video]. Website name. URL Example: Simmons, W. (2019, December 20). Healthy grocery store food haul and snacks [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lOFHyiSkFkU In-Text Citation: (Simmons, 2019, 8:36) |
| Audio Podcast Episode (7th Edition) |
Format: Author, A. A (Host). (Year, Month Day). Title of podcast episode (Episode number)* [Audio podcast episode]. In Title of podcast. Sponsor Company. URL** *If the podcast does not number their episodes, omit from the reference. **If the URL is unknown, omit from the reference. Example: Duffin, K., Gonzalez, S., & Goldstein, J. (2019, November 20). Three sides of a car loan (No. 953) [Audio podcast episode]. In Planet Money. NPR. https://www.npr.org/2019/11/20/781364732/episode-953-three-sides-of-a-car-loan In-Text Citation: (Duffin et al., 2019) |
| Government Report (7th Edition) |
Format: Author, A. A. OR Name of group. (Publication date). Title of report. Publisher Name. DOI or URL.
Example: Bureau of Labor Statistics. (2020, January 10). News release: The employment situation — December 2019. U.S. Department of Labor. https://www.bls.gov/news.release/pdf/empsit.pdf
In-Text Citation: (Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2020) |
| Annual Report (7th Edition) |
Format: Author, A. A. OR Name of group. (Publication date). Title of report. URL
Example: U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. (2017). Agency financial report: Fiscal year 2017. https://www.sec.org/files/sec-2017-agency-financial-report.pdf
In-Text Citation: (U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, 2017) |
| Code of Ethics (7th Edition) |
Format: Author, A. A. OR Name of group. (Publication date). Title of work. URL
Example: American Nurses Association. (2015). Code of ethics for nurses with interpretive statements. https://www.nursingworld.org/coe-view-only.
In-Text Citation: (American Nurses Association, 2015) |
| Film (7th Edition) |
Format: Director, D. D. (Director). (Release date). Title of film [Film]. Production Company.
Example: Gunn, J. (2014). Guardians of the galaxy [Film]. Marvel Studios.
In-Text Citation: (Gunn, 2014) |
| TV Series Episode (7th Edition) |
Format: Writer, W. W. (Writer), & Director, D. D. (Director). (Release date). Episode title (Season No., Episode No.) [TV series episode]. In Executive Producers, P. P. (Executive Producers), Title of Show. Production Company.
Example: Rhimes, S. (Writer), & Hardy, R. (Director). (2015, April 23). How to save a life (Season 11, Episode 21) [TV series episode]. In B. Beers, Z. Clack, R. Corn, M. Gordon, W. Harper, S. McKee, J. D. Parriott, & S. Rhimes (Executive Producers), Grey's Anatomy. Shondaland; The Mark Gordon Company; ABC Studios.
In-Text Citation: (Rhimes & Hardy, 2015) |
| Tweet (7th Edition) |
Format: Author, A. A. [@username]. (Year, Month Day). Content of the post up to the first 20 words [Description of audiovisuals, if any] [Tweet]. Site Name. URL.
Example: Murphy, C. [@ChrisMurphyCT]. (2020, January 9). Been a long day, but heading now into the studio to talk w @maddow about today's developments regarding Iran. Tune [Tweet]. Twitter. https://twitter.com/ChrisMurphyCT/status/1215456690214244353?s=20
In-Text Citation: (Murphy, 2020) |
| Instagram Post (7th Edition) |
Format: Author, A. A. [@username]. (Year, Month Day). Content of the post up to the first 20 words [Description of audiovisuals, if any] [Tweet]. Site Name. URL. Example: Obama, M. [@michelleobama]. (2019, December 30). Thinking back over the past decade is a bit of a whirlwind. It's not easy to take stock of all [Photographs]. Instagram. https://www.instagram.com/p/B6t5psBA-O9/?igshid=12ysvlec5w689 In-Text Citation: (Obama, 2019) |
| Website (6th Edition) |
Format: Author, A. A. (Date of publication). Title of document/article. Retrieved from http://www.someaddress.com/full/url Example: Bailey, R. (2017). Achieving the health-related MDGs. It takes a workforce! Retrieved from http://www.who.int/hrh/workforce_mdgs/en/ In-Text Citation: (Bailey, 2017) |
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Personal Communications (6th Edition) |
NOTE: Cite personal communications only in-text. Personal communications do not need to be referenced in the bibliography. Two Format Options: A. A. Author (personal communication, Month Day, Year) (A. A. Author, personal communication, Month Day, Year) Example: J. D. Smith (personal communication, November 27, 2015) (M. T. Jones, personal communication, April 6, 2012) |
| Blog Post (6th Edition) |
Format: Author, A. A. (Year, Month Day). Title of blog post [web blog comment]. Retrieved from http://www.someaddress.com/full/url Example: Sofian, I. (n.d.). Don't start your company as a college freshman [web blog comment]. Retrieved from https://mystudentvoices.com/dont-start-your-company-as-a-college-freshman-ffbc8643392d In-Text Citation: (Sofian, n.d.) |
| Video Blog Post (6th Edition) |
Format: Username. (Year, Month Day). Title of video [video file]. Retrieved from http://www.youtube.com Example: BorderHammer. (2015, Jun 4). My weight loss, fitness routine & tips: Don't let it go! [video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eDJJFAreV6k |
| Audio Podcast (6th Edition) |
Format: Author, A. A. (Year, Month Day). Title of podcast episode. Title of podcast. Podcast retrieved from URL Example (no author): Private Geography. (2017, Sep 1). This American Life. Podcast retrieved from https://www.thisamericanlife.org/radio-archives/episode/624/private-geography In-Text Citation: (Private Geography, 2017) |