The following are different ways you can format your in-text citations:
Author’s name in text (page number):
According to Cuno, “for years, archaeologists have lobbied for national and international laws, treaties, and conventions to prohibit the international movement of antiquities” (1).
Author’s name in reference (page number):
The argument runs that, “the term 'Czechoslovak' had become a rich source of contention almost immediately after the state's formation” (Innes 16).
No known author:
A similar study was done of students learning to format a research paper ("MLA In-Text Citations").
Note: Use an abbreviated version of the title of the page in quotation marks to substitute for the name of the author
Citing authors with same last names, provide the first initial:
Although some medical ethicists claim that cloning will lead to designer children (R. Miller 12), others note that the advantages for medical research outweigh this consideration (A. Miller 46).
Author’s name in text (no page number):
Cassell and Jenkins compared reaction times. . . .
Author’s name in reference (no page number):
In a recent study of reaction times (Cassell & Jenkins). . .
Note: If the source does not have page numbers, but explicitly labels its paragraphs or sections, you can give that number instead with the appropriate abbreviation. For example, (Lee, par. 2). When a source has no page number or not other kind of numbering, do not give a page number in the parathesis. Do not count paragraphs if they are not numbered.
| Print Book |
Format: (One Author): Last name, First name Middle name or initial. Title of Book. Publisher, Publication Year.
(Two authors): Last name, First name Middle name or initial, and First Name Last Name. Title of Book. Publisher, Publication Year.
(Three or More Authors): Last name, First name Middle name or initial, et al. Title of Book. Publisher, Publication Year.
Example: Hockney, David, and Martin Gayford. A History of Pictures: From the Cave to the Computer Screen. Abrams, 2016.
In-Text Citation: (Hockney and Gayford 295) |
| Edited Book (Anthology or Collection) |
Format: Editor Last name, First name Middle name or initial, editor(s). Title of Book. Publisher, Publication Year.
Example: Alessio, Enzo, editor. Bioinorganic Medicinal Chemistry. Wiley-VCH, 2012.
In-Text Citation: (Alessio 302) |
| Chapter in an Edited Book or Work in an Anthology |
Format: Author Last name, First name Middle name or initial. “Title of Chapter/Essay.” Title of Book, edited by Editor First Name Last Name, Publisher, Publication Year, Pages (pp.).
Example: Corak, Miles. “Age at Immigration and the Education Outcomes of Children.” Realizing the Potential of Immigrant Youth, edited by Ann S. Masten, et al., Cambridge University Press, 2012, pp. 90-114.
In-Text Citation: (Corak 96) |
| Corporate or Government Publication/Report |
Format: Last name, First name or (if no author is listed) Government Issuing the Document, Agency or Department. Title of Document. Publisher, Publication Date (month year).
Example: United States, Government Accountability Office. Climate Change: EPA and DOE Should Do More to Encourage Progress Under Two Voluntary Programs. Government Printing Office, 2006.
In-Text Citation: (United States, Government Accountability Office 24) |
| eBook from a Database |
Format: Author Last name, First name Middle name or initial. Title of Book. Publisher, Publication Year. Title of Database, Location (URL).
Example: Nesbit, Edith. The Book of Dragons. Sheba Blake Publishing, December 2013. ProQuest Ebrary Public Library Complete Collection, site.ebrary.com.courseinfo.wssu.edu:2048/lib/wssuniv/detail.action?docID=10826959.
In-Text Citation: (Nesbit 106) |